![]() ![]() ![]() The circuit based couplers are generally not called directional couplers even when they have identical S-parameter matrices. Because these coupled signals are related to the direction of the through signals, couplers are called directional couplers. If in opposition, it is called a “backward-wave” coupler. If the coupled signal is traveling in the same direction as the through signal, the coupler is called a “forward-wave” coupler. The signal exiting the output port of the first transmission line is called the “through” (sometimes called the “direct”) signal since it is directly connected to the input port and the signal exiting the other transmission line is called the “coupled” signal. Microwave couplers are devices which divert a fraction of the signal on one transmission line to another transmission line.
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